Ky?iku kanji

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Ky?iku kanji (????, literally "education kanji"), also known as Gakunenbetsu kanji hait?hy? (????????, literally "list of kanji by school year") is a list of 1,006 kanji and associated readings developed and maintained by the Japanese Ministry of Education that prescribes which kanji, and which readings of kanji, Japanese schoolchildren should learn for each year of primary school. Although the list is designed for Japanese children, it can also be used as a sequence of learning characters by non-native speakers as a means of focusing on the most commonly used kanji. (ja:????????)

Ky?iku kanji is a subset of J?y? kanji.

Video Ky?iku kanji

Versions of ky?iku list

1946 created with 881 characters
1977 expanded to 996 characters
1982 expanded to 1,006 characters
2020 will be expanded to 1,026 characters

The following 20 characters, used as parts of names of prefectures, will be added.

? (Ibaraki), ? (Ehime), ? (Shizuoka, Okayama and Fukuoka), ? (Niigata), ? (Gifu), ? (Kumamoto), ? (Kagawa), ? (Saga), ? (Saitama), ? (Nagasaki and Miyazaki), ? (Shiga), ? (Kagoshima), ? (Okinawa), ? (Fukui), ? (Okinawa), ? (Tochigi), ? (Kanagawa and Nara), ? (Yamanashi), ? (Osaka), ? (Gifu)

Maps Ky?iku kanji

List by grade

Note 1: Many kanji have complex meanings and nuances, or express concepts not directly translatable into English. In those cases, the English meanings mentioned here constitute approximations.

Note 2: In the kun'yomi readings, readings after - (hyphen) are Okurigana.

Note 3: A - (hyphen) at the end of the -yomi indicates a small tsu which is a small pause before the next part of the word is said.

First grade (80 kanji)

Second grade (160 kanji)

Third grade (200 kanji)

Fourth grade (200 kanji)

Fifth grade (185 kanji)

Sixth grade (181 kanji)

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List by radicals

The following 48 radicals are currently not used within the ky?iku kanji: 16, 17, 23, 26, 35, 43, 45, 55, 68, 71, 73, 89, 92, 95, 97, 98, 99, 103, 114, 121,126, 134, 136, 141, 153, 160, 171, 178, 179, 186, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 197, 198, 200, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 212, 213, and 214.
The following 44 radicals are currently used in only one ky?iku kanji: 11, 20, 33, 52, 56, 58, 59, 65, 74, 81, 82, 83, 84, 88, 100, 101, 107, 110, 127, 129, 133, 138, 139, 142, 144, 152, 155, 161, 165, 168,176, 177, 182, 183, 185, 188, 189, 195, 196, 199, 201, 203, 209, and 211.
The three most frequent radicals are 9 (57 kanji), 85 (42 kanji), and 75 (37 kanji).

Radicals 1-54

Radicals 55-108

Radicals 109-162

Radicals 163-214

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List by number of strokes

1-5 strokes

1 stroke: 1 kanji; 2 strokes: 10 kanji; 3 strokes: 24 kanji; 4 strokes: 46 kanji; 5 strokes: 73 kanji

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6-10 strokes

6 strokes: 75 kanji; 7 strokes: 86 kanji; 8 strokes: 110 kanji; 9 strokes: 100 kanji; 10 strokes: 95 kanji

11-15 strokes

11 strokes: 97 kanji; 12 strokes: 99 kanji; 13 strokes: 58 kanji; 14 strokes: 52 kanji; 15 strokes: 31 kanji

16-20 strokes

16 strokes: 22 kanji; 17 strokes: 7 kanji; 18 strokes: 12 kanji; 19 strokes: 5 kanji; 20 strokes: 3 kanji

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List by Unicode

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List by frequency

Special characters

Kokuji

Kokuji are characters originally created in Japan; two of them are ky?iku kanji: ? (Grade 4) and ? (Grade 3). There are also 8 kokuji within the secondary-school kanji and 16 within the jinmeiy? kanji. The character ? and some others are also used in Chinese now, but most kokuji are unknown outside Japan.

Kokkun

Kokkun are characters and combinations of characters that have different meanings in Japanese and Chinese.

For example, the character combination ?? means "letter" in Japanese, but "toilet paper" in Chinese. However, the isolated characters have the same meaning in both languages: ? (Grade 1) means "hand," and ? (Grade 2) means "paper."

Simplified characters and their traditional forms

See also shinjitai and ky?jitai.

Differences in simplification between China and Japan

China and Japan simplified their writing systems independently from each other. After World War II, their relations were not good, so they did not cooperate. Traditional Chinese characters are still officially used in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, South Korea (as a supplement to Hangul, but they are no longer used in North Korea), and by many overseas Chinese.
In Chinese, many more characters were simplified than in Japanese; some characters were simplified in only one language; other characters were simplified in the same way in both languages, and other characters were simplified in both languages but in different ways. This means that those who want to learn the writing systems of both languages must sometimes learn at least three different variations of one character: traditional Chinese, modern Chinese, and modern Japanese (for example ? - ? - ?), some others have more variations, such as (? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ?), where are considered the older forms of Chinese characters and variations of different Chinese regions, and the older forms of Japanese characters (ky?jitai).

Traditional characters that may cause problems displaying

Note that within the ky?iku kanji, there are 26 characters; the old forms of which may cause problems displaying:

Grade 2 (2 kanji): ? ?
Grade 3 (8 kanji): ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Grade 4 (6 kanji): ? ? ? ? ? ?
Grade 5 (1 kanji): ?
Grade 6 (9 kanji): ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Within the j?y? kanji, the same is true for 36 secondary-school kanji, so, in total, 62 of the 2,136 j?y? kanji have traditional forms that may cause problems displaying.

These characters are Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs for which the old form (ky?jitai) and the new form (shinjitai) have been unified under the Unicode standard. Although the old and new forms are distinguished under the JIS X 0213 standard, the old forms map to Unicode CJK Compatibility Ideographs which are considered by Unicode to be canonically equivalent to the new forms and may not be distinguished by user agents. Therefore, depending on the user environment, it may not be possible to see the distinction between old and new forms of the characters. In particular, all Unicode normalization methods merge the old characters with the new ones.

List of the simplified ky?iku kanji

For example, ? is the simplified form of ?. Note that ? is used to simplify three different traditional characters (?, ?, and ?).

? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? (? ? ?), ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?

The ky?iku kanji and their Chinese hànzì equivalents

The characters are sorted by the radicals of the Japanese kanji. The two kokuji ? and ?, which have no Chinese equivalents, are not listed here. See also the section "Differences in simplification between China and Japan."

Same form in Chinese and Japanese

The following ky?iku kanji are characters of Group 1 (not simplified in both languages, e.g. ?). For characters of Group 2 (same simplification in China and Japan, but a traditional form exists, e.g. ?-?-?), see "Different forms in Chinese and Japanese."

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Different forms in Chinese and Japanese

The order is "modern Japanese - traditional Chinese - simplified Chinese," e.g. ?-?-?. Some characters were simplified the same way in both languages, others were simplified in one language only.

?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-? , ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?- ?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-(? ? ?)-(? ? ?), ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-? , ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ? -? -?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?,?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?,?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?,?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?,?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?, ?-?-?

External links

Kanji-Trainer.org A free flashcard-style kanji learning tool including selection by ky?iku-kanji, explaining the components of each character and providing mnemonic phrases.
(in Japanese) Official list of ky?iku kanji by grade

Source of the article : Wikipedia

Senin, 30 April 2018